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  1. Главная
  2. ›STUDY GUIDE
  3. ›UK, Cambridge, A Level и IB
  4. ›KS3 Year 7
  5. ›Physics
  6. ›Matter and thermal physics

KS3 Year 7 / Physics / Curriculum

Matter and thermal physics

Matter and thermal physics: structured theory, worked examples, answered practice, and a mastery checklist for KS3 Year 7.

Цели обучения

  • ✓Describe “Solids, liquids and gases” using evidence from observation, measurement, or a model.
  • ✓Describe “Particle model” using evidence from observation, measurement, or a model.
  • ✓Describe “Changes of state” using evidence from observation, measurement, or a model.
  • ✓Describe “Density introduction” using evidence from observation, measurement, or a model.
  • ✓Describe “Thermal expansion” using evidence from observation, measurement, or a model.

Ключевые идеи и проверки

  • I connect a model with experimental evidence.
  • I apply half-life or an energy relation correctly.
  • Every solution or explanation for “Matter and thermal physics” should include a method, justification, and final check.

Раздел

Основная теория

Ключевые идеи главы в понятной последовательности перед практикой.

01

Model and experimental evidence

Modern physics uses models tested by spectra, scattering, decays, and detectors. Distinguish an observation from its interpretation.

02

Probability and scale

A single nuclear decay is random, but large samples follow predictable laws. Use half-life or an exponential relation with the correct scale.

03

Energy and conservation

In atomic and nuclear processes, check energy, momentum, charge, and particle numbers where applicable. Do not mix eV and J without conversion.

04

Solids, liquids and gases

For “Solids, liquids and gases”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.

05

Particle model

For “Particle model”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.

06

Changes of state

For “Changes of state”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.

07

Density introduction

For “Density introduction”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.

08

Thermal expansion

For “Thermal expansion”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.

Physics

Разобранные примеры

Следуйте методу шаг за шагом и проверяйте обоснование каждого шага.

Worked half-life example

A sample starts with 320 active nuclei and 2 half-lives pass. How many are expected?

  1. 1The expected count halves each half-life.
  2. 2Use N = 320·(1/2)^2.
  3. 3This is a statistical expectation, not a prediction for each nucleus.

N = 80

Reasoning example

Before calculating, explain the key idea from “Solids, liquids and gases” and which conditions must be checked.

  1. 1Define the idea in one clear sentence.
  2. 2Connect it to a representation, law, or formula.
  3. 3State a restriction, unit, or final check that makes the solution valid.

The answer should show not only which rule is used for “Solids, liquids and gases”, but also why it is valid here.

Matter and thermal physics

Практика с ответами

Восемь заданий от базовых навыков до экзаменационного уровня. Сначала решите самостоятельно.

Базовый навык4 минут

A sample starts with 96 nuclei. How many are expected after three half-lives?

Подсказка

Halve three times.

Ответ

12.

Базовый навык5 минут

Structure a solution for “Particle model”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.

Подсказка

State the law before substituting numbers.

Ответ

A full solution states symbols/units, selects a valid law for “Particle model”, shows substitution and calculation, and interprets the result.

Применение6 минут

Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Changes of state” and improve each one.

Подсказка

Consider instrument resolution, reaction time, repeats, and controls.

Ответ

A full response links each specific error source to a targeted improvement and identifies random or systematic impact.

Применение7 минут

Plan a suitable graph for “Density introduction” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.

Подсказка

Put the independent variable on x and dependent variable on y.

Ответ

A full response labels axes/units, uses a suitable scale and best fit; gradient uses a large triangle and is interpreted with units.

Обоснование8 минут

Check whether a result for “Thermal expansion” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.

Подсказка

A check should not merely repeat the same calculation.

Ответ

A full check confirms dimensions/units, compares expected magnitude, and tests behaviour when one variable becomes very small or large.

Обоснование9 минут

Connect “Solids, liquids and gases” to energy conservation or a force/field model and justify the choice.

Подсказка

Define the system and interactions.

Ответ

A full response defines the system, describes transfer or interaction, applies the appropriate model, and states losses or limitations.

Экзаменационный10 минут

Write a multi-step exam response about “Particle model” with calculation and evaluation.

Подсказка

Separate givens, model, calculation, result, and evaluation.

Ответ

A full response includes an appropriate diagram/model, laws, algebraic rearrangement, SI substitution, suitably precise result, and evaluation of assumptions.

Экзаменационный12 минут

Compare two methods for investigating “Changes of state” and select the more reliable using criteria.

Подсказка

Use accuracy, repeatability, control, and safety.

Ответ

The choice must use at least three comparable criteria and acknowledge one trade-off or limitation.

Частые ошибки

  • Treating half-life as a linear decrease.
  • Confusing radiation with radioactive material.
  • Using a model without connecting it to experimental evidence.

Проверка понимания

  • ✓I connect a model with experimental evidence.
  • ✓I apply half-life or an energy relation correctly.
  • ✓I check conservation, units, and order of magnitude.

Matter and thermal physics

Домашняя работа по главе

Шесть разных заданий от базового уровня до сложного с временем, подсказками и ответами.

Базовый8 минут

Homework 1: A sample starts with 240 nuclei. How many are expected after three half-lives?

Подсказка

Halve three times.

Ответ

30.

Базовый10 минут

Homework 2: Structure a solution for “Particle model”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.

Подсказка

State the law before substituting numbers.

Ответ

A full solution states symbols/units, selects a valid law for “Particle model”, shows substitution and calculation, and interprets the result.

Углубленный12 минут

Homework 3: Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Changes of state” and improve each one.

Подсказка

Consider instrument resolution, reaction time, repeats, and controls.

Ответ

A full response links each specific error source to a targeted improvement and identifies random or systematic impact.

Углубленный15 минут

Homework 4: Plan a suitable graph for “Density introduction” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.

Подсказка

Put the independent variable on x and dependent variable on y.

Ответ

A full response labels axes/units, uses a suitable scale and best fit; gradient uses a large triangle and is interpreted with units.

Сложный18 минут

Homework 5: Check whether a result for “Thermal expansion” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.

Подсказка

A check should not merely repeat the same calculation.

Ответ

A full check confirms dimensions/units, compares expected magnitude, and tests behaviour when one variable becomes very small or large.

Сложный20 минут

Homework 6: Connect “Solids, liquids and gases” to energy conservation or a force/field model and justify the choice.

Подсказка

Define the system and interactions.

Ответ

A full response defines the system, describes transfer or interaction, applies the appropriate model, and states losses or limitations.

50 минут / 40 баллов

Полный тест по главе

Полный тест с таймером, баллами и образцами ответов.

Таймер теста

Готов к запуску

Осталось времени: 50:00

Start the timer when ready, work without notes, show every step, and open model answers only after finishing.

1. A sample starts with 160 nuclei. How many are expected after three half-lives?

2 баллов
Ответ

20.

2. Structure a solution for “Particle model”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.

3 баллов
Ответ

A full solution states symbols/units, selects a valid law for “Particle model”, shows substitution and calculation, and interprets the result.

3. Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Changes of state” and improve each one.

3 баллов
Ответ

A full response links each specific error source to a targeted improvement and identifies random or systematic impact.

4. Plan a suitable graph for “Density introduction” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.

4 баллов
Ответ

A full response labels axes/units, uses a suitable scale and best fit; gradient uses a large triangle and is interpreted with units.

5. Check whether a result for “Thermal expansion” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.

4 баллов
Ответ

A full check confirms dimensions/units, compares expected magnitude, and tests behaviour when one variable becomes very small or large.

6. Connect “Solids, liquids and gases” to energy conservation or a force/field model and justify the choice.

4 баллов
Ответ

A full response defines the system, describes transfer or interaction, applies the appropriate model, and states losses or limitations.

7. Write a multi-step exam response about “Particle model” with calculation and evaluation.

5 баллов
Ответ

A full response includes an appropriate diagram/model, laws, algebraic rearrangement, SI substitution, suitably precise result, and evaluation of assumptions.

8. Compare two methods for investigating “Changes of state” and select the more reliable using criteria.

5 баллов
Ответ

The choice must use at least three comparable criteria and acknowledge one trade-off or limitation.

9. Create an extension question about “Density introduction”, a prediction, and a data-collection plan.

5 баллов
Ответ

A full response gives a testable question, justified prediction, independent-variable range, repeats, and an analysis method.

10. A sample starts with 72 nuclei. How many are expected after three half-lives?

5 баллов
Ответ

9.

Раздел

Официальные источники

Источники программы; порядок тем уточняйте в школе и у преподавателя.

UK Department for Education - ScienceOfficial national curriculum progression and attainment guidance.

Physics

KS3 Year 7: структурированный маршрут по математике и физике с главами, практикой и следующими шагами.

Назад к предмету

Что покрывает глава

Структура следует учебнику и помогает организовать изучение темы.

Solids, liquids and gases
Particle model
Changes of state
Density introduction
Thermal expansion

Где сфокусироваться

Темы, где чаще возникают ошибки или нужна дополнительная практика.

I connect a model with experimental evidence.
I apply half-life or an energy relation correctly.
I check conservation, units, and order of magnitude.

Источники, ежедневные материалы и ресурсы

С чего начать: учебник, daily material, PDFs, videos и worked examples.

Start from the official textbook or specification referenced on the subject page.
Use the notes and examples as support, not as a replacement for the official syllabus.
Check the current syllabus version before exam preparation.

Практика по подтемам

Целевая практика перед full tests, чтобы coverage было понятным.

A sample starts with 96 nuclei. How many are expected after three half-lives?
Structure a solution for “Particle model”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.
Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Changes of state” and improve each one.
Plan a suitable graph for “Density introduction” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.
Check whether a result for “Thermal expansion” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.
Connect “Solids, liquids and gases” to energy conservation or a force/field model and justify the choice.
Write a multi-step exam response about “Particle model” with calculation and evaluation.
Compare two methods for investigating “Changes of state” and select the more reliable using criteria.

Mocks и проверка прогресса

Как измерять прогресс по главе и когда включать ее в общий mock.

Start with untimed practice by subtopic.
Move to a short timed checkpoint only after completing the mastery checklist.
Record each error with the correct method and revisit it after 48 hours.

Следующий шаг

Что делать после главы и как она связана со следующим разделом.

Complete the practice without support.
Explain the core method aloud in under two minutes.
Continue to the next chapter or request targeted tutor support.

Примечание: официальную экзаменационную программу каждого года всегда уточняйте в школе, у преподавателя и по текущим официальным источникам.

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← Предыдущая главаEnergyСледующая глава →Waves, light and sound
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