Цели обучения
- Recognise, explain, and apply “Translation”.
- Recognise, explain, and apply “Reflection”.
- Recognise, explain, and apply “Rotation”.
- Recognise, explain, and apply “Enlargement”.
- Recognise, explain, and apply “Column vectors”.
IGCSE Year 10 / Mathematics / Curriculum
Transformations and vectors
Transformations and vectors: structured theory, worked examples, answered practice, and a mastery checklist for IGCSE Year 10.
Ключевые идеи и проверки
- I select a theorem from the diagram's givens.
- I justify every step of the solution.
- Every solution or explanation for “Transformations and vectors” should include a method, justification, and final check.
Раздел
Основная теория
Ключевые идеи главы в понятной последовательности перед практикой.
Diagram, givens, target
Mark every given on the diagram and state the target clearly. Start from a relationship that connects exactly those quantities.
Property with justification
Every geometric step needs a property, theorem, or definition. A result without justification is not a complete proof.
Units and precision
Length, area, volume, and angle use different units. Round only at the end and keep sufficient intermediate precision.
Translation
Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.
Reflection
Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.
Rotation
Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.
Enlargement
Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.
Column vectors
Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.
Mathematics
Разобранные примеры
Следуйте методу шаг за шагом и проверяйте обоснование каждого шага.
Worked geometry example
A right triangle has perpendicular sides 15 cm and 20 cm. Find its hypotenuse and area.
- 1Pythagoras: c² = 15² + 20².
- 2c = √(625) = 25 cm.
- 3Area = 1/2 · 15 · 20.
Hypotenuse 25 cm, area 150 cm².
Reasoning example
Before calculating, explain the key idea from “Translation” and which conditions must be checked.
- 1Define the idea in one clear sentence.
- 2Connect it to a representation, law, or formula.
- 3State a restriction, unit, or final check that makes the solution valid.
The answer should show not only which rule is used for “Translation”, but also why it is valid here.
Transformations and vectors
Практика с ответами
Восемь заданий от базовых навыков до экзаменационного уровня. Сначала решите самостоятельно.
Базовый навык4 минут
A 6 cm by 5 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.
Подсказка
P = 2(l+w), A = lw.
Ответ
P = 22 cm, A = 30 cm².
Базовый навык5 минут
A triangle has base 18 cm and height 2 cm. Find its area.
Подсказка
A = 1/2 bh.
Ответ
A = 1/2 · 18 · 2 = 18 cm².
Применение6 минут
Two angles in a triangle are 50° and 40°. Find the third.
Подсказка
Triangle angles sum to 180°.
Ответ
90°.
Применение7 минут
A right triangle has legs 18 cm and 24 cm. Find the hypotenuse.
Подсказка
Use a²+b²=c².
Ответ
30 cm.
Обоснование8 минут
A circle has radius 3 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.
Подсказка
C = 2πr, A = πr².
Ответ
C = 6π cm, A = 9π cm².
Обоснование9 минут
Scale 1:700. What real length in metres does 5 cm represent?
Подсказка
Multiply in cm, then convert to metres.
Ответ
5 · 700 = 3500 cm = 35 m.
Экзаменационный10 минут
A cuboid is 3 cm × 2 cm × 5 cm. Find its volume.
Подсказка
V = lwh.
Ответ
V = 30 cm³.
Экзаменационный12 минут
Points A(0,0) and B(6,4). Find AB.
Подсказка
AB = √(Δx²+Δy²).
Ответ
AB = √52.
Частые ошибки
- Using a formula without checking its conditions.
- Confusing linear, square, and cubic units.
- Treating a not-to-scale diagram as a measurement.
Проверка понимания
- I select a theorem from the diagram's givens.
- I justify every step of the solution.
- I use correct units and a final check.
Transformations and vectors
Домашняя работа по главе
Шесть разных заданий от базового уровня до сложного с временем, подсказками и ответами.
Базовый8 минут
Homework 1: A 9 cm by 6 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.
Подсказка
P = 2(l+w), A = lw.
Ответ
P = 30 cm, A = 54 cm².
Базовый10 минут
Homework 2: A triangle has base 15 cm and height 3 cm. Find its area.
Подсказка
A = 1/2 bh.
Ответ
A = 1/2 · 15 · 3 = 22.5 cm².
Углубленный12 минут
Homework 3: Two angles in a triangle are 80° and 50°. Find the third.
Подсказка
Triangle angles sum to 180°.
Ответ
50°.
Углубленный15 минут
Homework 4: A right triangle has legs 6 cm and 8 cm. Find the hypotenuse.
Подсказка
Use a²+b²=c².
Ответ
10 cm.
Сложный18 минут
Homework 5: A circle has radius 4 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.
Подсказка
C = 2πr, A = πr².
Ответ
C = 8π cm, A = 16π cm².
Сложный20 минут
Homework 6: Scale 1:300. What real length in metres does 6 cm represent?
Подсказка
Multiply in cm, then convert to metres.
Ответ
6 · 300 = 1800 cm = 18 m.
50 минут / 40 баллов
Полный тест по главе
Полный тест с таймером, баллами и образцами ответов.
Start the timer when ready, work without notes, show every step, and open model answers only after finishing.
1. A 7 cm by 6 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.
2 балловОтвет
P = 26 cm, A = 42 cm².
2. A triangle has base 9 cm and height 3 cm. Find its area.
3 балловОтвет
A = 1/2 · 9 · 3 = 13.5 cm².
3. Two angles in a triangle are 60° and 50°. Find the third.
3 балловОтвет
70°.
4. A right triangle has legs 6 cm and 8 cm. Find the hypotenuse.
4 балловОтвет
10 cm.
5. A circle has radius 4 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.
4 балловОтвет
C = 8π cm, A = 16π cm².
6. Scale 1:800. What real length in metres does 6 cm represent?
4 балловОтвет
6 · 800 = 4800 cm = 48 m.
7. A cuboid is 4 cm × 3 cm × 7 cm. Find its volume.
5 балловОтвет
V = 84 cm³.
8. Points A(0,0) and B(7,5). Find AB.
5 балловОтвет
AB = √74.
9. Similar shapes have length scale factor 1:2. If the small area is 3 cm², find the large area.
5 балловОтвет
3 · 2² = 12 cm².
10. Explain which givens and theorem are needed for a complete argument about “Enlargement”.
5 балловОтвет
Full response: a labelled diagram, givens, an applicable theorem with its conditions, and a logically derived conclusion.
Раздел
Официальные источники
Источники программы; порядок тем уточняйте в школе и у преподавателя.
Mathematics
IGCSE Year 10: структурированный маршрут по математике и физике с главами, практикой и следующими шагами.
Что покрывает глава
Структура следует учебнику и помогает организовать изучение темы.
Translation
Reflection
Rotation
Enlargement
Column vectors
Vector notation
Где сфокусироваться
Темы, где чаще возникают ошибки или нужна дополнительная практика.
I select a theorem from the diagram's givens.
I justify every step of the solution.
I use correct units and a final check.
Источники, ежедневные материалы и ресурсы
С чего начать: учебник, daily material, PDFs, videos и worked examples.
Start from the official textbook or specification referenced on the subject page.
Use the notes and examples as support, not as a replacement for the official syllabus.
Check the current syllabus version before exam preparation.
Практика по подтемам
Целевая практика перед full tests, чтобы coverage было понятным.
A 6 cm by 5 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.
A triangle has base 18 cm and height 2 cm. Find its area.
Two angles in a triangle are 50° and 40°. Find the third.
A right triangle has legs 18 cm and 24 cm. Find the hypotenuse.
A circle has radius 3 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.
Scale 1:700. What real length in metres does 5 cm represent?
A cuboid is 3 cm × 2 cm × 5 cm. Find its volume.
Points A(0,0) and B(6,4). Find AB.
Mocks и проверка прогресса
Как измерять прогресс по главе и когда включать ее в общий mock.
Start with untimed practice by subtopic.
Move to a short timed checkpoint only after completing the mastery checklist.
Record each error with the correct method and revisit it after 48 hours.
Следующий шаг
Что делать после главы и как она связана со следующим разделом.
Complete the practice without support.
Explain the core method aloud in under two minutes.
Continue to the next chapter or request targeted tutor support.
Примечание: официальную экзаменационную программу каждого года всегда уточняйте в школе, у преподавателя и по текущим официальным источникам.