Panhellenic Exams / Physics / Curriculum
Κρούσεις και σχετική κίνηση: structured theory, worked examples, answered practice, and a mastery checklist for Panhellenic Exams.
Раздел
Ключевые идеи главы в понятной последовательности перед практикой.
Define the system and identify how energy or momentum is transferred. Conservation applies to the correct system and time interval.
Write initial and final quantities before substituting numbers. This exposes losses, external work, and direction.
Energy describes an amount, while power describes its transfer rate. Do not compare systems using work alone when time matters.
For “Κρούσεις”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.
For “Κεντρικές ελαστικές κρούσεις”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.
For “Σχετική κίνηση”, start from an observation or model, define quantities and units where relevant, and separate the changed factor from the measured outcome. Support the conclusion with data and state the test's limitations.
Physics
Следуйте методу шаг за шагом и проверяйте обоснование каждого шага.
A 4 kg body moves at 4 m/s. Find its kinetic energy and momentum.
Ek = 32 J, p = 16 kg·m/s
Before calculating, explain the key idea from “Κρούσεις” and which conditions must be checked.
The answer should show not only which rule is used for “Κρούσεις”, but also why it is valid here.
Κρούσεις και σχετική κίνηση
Восемь заданий от базовых навыков до экзаменационного уровня. Сначала решите самостоятельно.
A 9 kg mass moves at 3 m/s. Find kinetic energy.
Ek=1/2 mv².
Ek=40.5 J.
A machine transfers 2500 J in 25 s. Find power.
P=E/t.
P=100 W.
Structure a solution for “Σχετική κίνηση”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.
State the law before substituting numbers.
A full solution states symbols/units, selects a valid law for “Σχετική κίνηση”, shows substitution and calculation, and interprets the result.
Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Κρούσεις” and improve each one.
Consider instrument resolution, reaction time, repeats, and controls.
A full response links each specific error source to a targeted improvement and identifies random or systematic impact.
Plan a suitable graph for “Κεντρικές ελαστικές κρούσεις” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.
Put the independent variable on x and dependent variable on y.
A full response labels axes/units, uses a suitable scale and best fit; gradient uses a large triangle and is interpreted with units.
Check whether a result for “Σχετική κίνηση” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.
A check should not merely repeat the same calculation.
A full check confirms dimensions/units, compares expected magnitude, and tests behaviour when one variable becomes very small or large.
Connect “Κρούσεις” to energy conservation or a force/field model and justify the choice.
Define the system and interactions.
A full response defines the system, describes transfer or interaction, applies the appropriate model, and states losses or limitations.
Write a multi-step exam response about “Κεντρικές ελαστικές κρούσεις” with calculation and evaluation.
Separate givens, model, calculation, result, and evaluation.
A full response includes an appropriate diagram/model, laws, algebraic rearrangement, SI substitution, suitably precise result, and evaluation of assumptions.
Κρούσεις και σχετική κίνηση
Шесть разных заданий от базового уровня до сложного с временем, подсказками и ответами.
Homework 1: A 5 kg mass moves at 4 m/s. Find kinetic energy.
Ek=1/2 mv².
Ek=40 J.
Homework 2: A machine transfers 4800 J in 30 s. Find power.
P=E/t.
P=160 W.
Homework 3: Structure a solution for “Σχετική κίνηση”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.
State the law before substituting numbers.
A full solution states symbols/units, selects a valid law for “Σχετική κίνηση”, shows substitution and calculation, and interprets the result.
Homework 4: Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Κρούσεις” and improve each one.
Consider instrument resolution, reaction time, repeats, and controls.
A full response links each specific error source to a targeted improvement and identifies random or systematic impact.
Homework 5: Plan a suitable graph for “Κεντρικές ελαστικές κρούσεις” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.
Put the independent variable on x and dependent variable on y.
A full response labels axes/units, uses a suitable scale and best fit; gradient uses a large triangle and is interpreted with units.
Homework 6: Check whether a result for “Σχετική κίνηση” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.
A check should not merely repeat the same calculation.
A full check confirms dimensions/units, compares expected magnitude, and tests behaviour when one variable becomes very small or large.
50 минут / 40 баллов
Полный тест с таймером, баллами и образцами ответов.
Start the timer when ready, work without notes, show every step, and open model answers only after finishing.
1. A 3 kg mass moves at 4 m/s. Find kinetic energy.
2 балловEk=24 J.
2. A machine transfers 3600 J in 30 s. Find power.
3 балловP=120 W.
3. Structure a solution for “Σχετική κίνηση”: givens, SI units, law, substitution, and interpretation.
3 балловA full solution states symbols/units, selects a valid law for “Σχετική κίνηση”, shows substitution and calculation, and interprets the result.
4. Identify three uncertainty sources in measuring “Κρούσεις” and improve each one.
4 балловA full response links each specific error source to a targeted improvement and identifies random or systematic impact.
5. Plan a suitable graph for “Κεντρικές ελαστικές κρούσεις” data and explain how to obtain a gradient or relationship.
4 балловA full response labels axes/units, uses a suitable scale and best fit; gradient uses a large triangle and is interpreted with units.
6. Check whether a result for “Σχετική κίνηση” is sensible using units, order of magnitude, and a limiting case.
4 балловA full check confirms dimensions/units, compares expected magnitude, and tests behaviour when one variable becomes very small or large.
7. Connect “Κρούσεις” to energy conservation or a force/field model and justify the choice.
5 балловA full response defines the system, describes transfer or interaction, applies the appropriate model, and states losses or limitations.
8. Write a multi-step exam response about “Κεντρικές ελαστικές κρούσεις” with calculation and evaluation.
5 балловA full response includes an appropriate diagram/model, laws, algebraic rearrangement, SI substitution, suitably precise result, and evaluation of assumptions.
9. Compare two methods for investigating “Σχετική κίνηση” and select the more reliable using criteria.
5 балловThe choice must use at least three comparable criteria and acknowledge one trade-off or limitation.
10. Create an extension question about “Κρούσεις”, a prediction, and a data-collection plan.
5 балловA full response gives a testable question, justified prediction, independent-variable range, repeats, and an analysis method.
Раздел
Источники программы; порядок тем уточняйте в школе и у преподавателя.
Physics
Panhellenic Exams: структурированный маршрут по математике и физике с главами, практикой и следующими шагами.
Структура следует учебнику и помогает организовать изучение темы.
Темы, где чаще возникают ошибки или нужна дополнительная практика.
С чего начать: учебник, daily material, PDFs, videos и worked examples.
Целевая практика перед full tests, чтобы coverage было понятным.
Как измерять прогресс по главе и когда включать ее в общий mock.
Что делать после главы и как она связана со следующим разделом.
Примечание: официальную экзаменационную программу каждого года всегда уточняйте в школе, у преподавателя и по текущим официальным источникам.
