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IGCSE Year 11 / Mathematics / Curriculum

Geometry and trigonometry

Geometry and trigonometry: structured theory, worked examples, answered practice, and a mastery checklist for IGCSE Year 11.

学习目标

Recognise, explain, and apply “Similarity”.
Recognise, explain, and apply “Congruence”.
Recognise, explain, and apply “Circle theorems where applicable”.
Recognise, explain, and apply “Transformations”.
Recognise, explain, and apply “Scale factors for area and volume”.

核心概念与检查

I select a theorem from the diagram's givens.
I justify every step of the solution.
Every solution or explanation for “Geometry and trigonometry” should include a method, justification, and final check.

单元

核心理论

练习前按清晰顺序掌握本章核心概念。

01

Diagram, givens, target

Mark every given on the diagram and state the target clearly. Start from a relationship that connects exactly those quantities.

02

Property with justification

Every geometric step needs a property, theorem, or definition. A result without justification is not a complete proof.

03

Units and precision

Length, area, volume, and angle use different units. Round only at the end and keep sufficient intermediate precision.

04

Similarity

Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.

05

Congruence

Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.

06

Circle theorems where applicable

Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.

07

Transformations

Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.

08

Scale factors for area and volume

Draw and label every given before choosing a property or formula. Finish with estimation, an inverse operation, or substitution as a check.

Mathematics

例题讲解

逐步查看方法，并理解每一步为何成立。

Worked geometry example

A right triangle has perpendicular sides 9 cm and 12 cm. Find its hypotenuse and area.

1Pythagoras: c² = 9² + 12².
2c = √(225) = 15 cm.
3Area = 1/2 · 9 · 12.

Hypotenuse 15 cm, area 54 cm².

Reasoning example

Before calculating, explain the key idea from “Similarity” and which conditions must be checked.

1Define the idea in one clear sentence.
2Connect it to a representation, law, or formula.
3State a restriction, unit, or final check that makes the solution valid.

The answer should show not only which rule is used for “Similarity”, but also why it is valid here.

Geometry and trigonometry

含答案练习

八道分层练习，从基础熟练到考试应用。请先独立完成，再查看提示或答案。

基础熟练4 分钟

A 9 cm by 2 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.

提示

P = 2(l+w), A = lw.

答案指南

P = 22 cm, A = 18 cm².

基础熟练5 分钟

A triangle has base 20 cm and height 4 cm. Find its area.

提示

A = 1/2 bh.

答案指南

A = 1/2 · 20 · 4 = 40 cm².

应用6 分钟

Two angles in a triangle are 80° and 60°. Find the third.

提示

Triangle angles sum to 180°.

答案指南

40°.

应用7 分钟

A right triangle has legs 9 cm and 12 cm. Find the hypotenuse.

提示

Use a²+b²=c².

答案指南

15 cm.

推理8 分钟

A circle has radius 5 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.

提示

C = 2πr, A = πr².

答案指南

C = 10π cm, A = 25π cm².

推理9 分钟

Scale 1:300. What real length in metres does 2 cm represent?

提示

Multiply in cm, then convert to metres.

答案指南

2 · 300 = 600 cm = 6 m.

考试题型10 分钟

A cuboid is 6 cm × 4 cm × 10 cm. Find its volume.

提示

V = lwh.

答案指南

V = 240 cm³.

考试题型12 分钟

Points A(0,0) and B(9,6). Find AB.

提示

AB = √(Δx²+Δy²).

答案指南

AB = √117.

常见错误

Using a formula without checking its conditions.
Confusing linear, square, and cubic units.
Treating a not-to-scale diagram as a measurement.

掌握度检查

I select a theorem from the diagram's givens.
I justify every step of the solution.
I use correct units and a final check.

Geometry and trigonometry

章节作业

六道不同作业，从基础到挑战，包含预计用时、提示和答案指南。

基础8 分钟

Homework 1: A 5 cm by 3 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.

提示

P = 2(l+w), A = lw.

答案指南

P = 16 cm, A = 15 cm².

基础10 分钟

Homework 2: A triangle has base 40 cm and height 5 cm. Find its area.

提示

A = 1/2 bh.

答案指南

A = 1/2 · 40 · 5 = 100 cm².

进阶12 分钟

Homework 3: Two angles in a triangle are 40° and 20°. Find the third.

提示

Triangle angles sum to 180°.

答案指南

120°.

进阶15 分钟

Homework 4: A right triangle has legs 12 cm and 16 cm. Find the hypotenuse.

提示

Use a²+b²=c².

答案指南

20 cm.

挑战18 分钟

Homework 5: A circle has radius 6 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.

提示

C = 2πr, A = πr².

答案指南

C = 12π cm, A = 36π cm².

挑战20 分钟

Homework 6: Scale 1:600. What real length in metres does 3 cm represent?

提示

Multiply in cm, then convert to metres.

答案指南

3 · 600 = 1800 cm = 18 m.

50 分钟 / 40 分

完整章节测试

带计时器、完整分值和参考答案的章节自测。

Start the timer when ready, work without notes, show every step, and open model answers only after finishing.

1. A 3 cm by 3 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.

2 分

答案指南

P = 12 cm, A = 9 cm².

2. A triangle has base 30 cm and height 5 cm. Find its area.

3 分

答案指南

A = 1/2 · 30 · 5 = 75 cm².

3. Two angles in a triangle are 90° and 20°. Find the third.

3 分

答案指南

70°.

4. A right triangle has legs 12 cm and 16 cm. Find the hypotenuse.

4 分

答案指南

20 cm.

5. A circle has radius 6 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.

4 分

答案指南

C = 12π cm, A = 36π cm².

6. Scale 1:400. What real length in metres does 3 cm represent?

4 分

答案指南

3 · 400 = 1200 cm = 12 m.

7. A cuboid is 7 cm × 5 cm × 12 cm. Find its volume.

5 分

答案指南

V = 420 cm³.

8. Points A(0,0) and B(3,2). Find AB.

5 分

答案指南

AB = √13.

9. Similar shapes have length scale factor 1:4. If the small area is 6 cm², find the large area.

5 分

答案指南

6 · 4² = 96 cm².

10. Explain which givens and theorem are needed for a complete argument about “Area of triangle”.

5 分

答案指南

Full response: a labelled diagram, givens, an applicable theorem with its conditions, and a logically derived conclusion.

单元

官方来源与核验

课程参考来源；教学顺序请始终与学校和老师确认。

UK Department for Education - MathematicsOfficial national curriculum progression and attainment guidance.Cambridge InternationalOfficial programme, syllabus, and qualification information; confirm the current syllabus code.

Mathematics

IGCSE Year 11: 数学与物理的结构化路线，包含章节、练习和下一步。

本章覆盖内容

结构跟随教材，用来帮助组织学习。

Similarity

Congruence

Circle theorems where applicable

Transformations

Scale factors for area and volume

Right-triangle trigonometry

Bearings

Sine rule

Cosine rule

Area of triangle

3D Pythagoras/trigonometry where applicable

重点关注

通常容易出错或需要更多复习的部分。

I select a theorem from the diagram's givens.

I justify every step of the solution.

I use correct units and a final check.

来源、日常资料与学习资源

从教材、daily material、PDFs、videos 和 worked examples 开始。

Start from the official textbook or specification referenced on the subject page.

Use the notes and examples as support, not as a replacement for the official syllabus.

Check the current syllabus version before exam preparation.

按小主题练习

进入 full tests 前先做 targeted practice，让覆盖情况更清楚。

A 9 cm by 2 cm rectangle: find perimeter and area.

A triangle has base 20 cm and height 4 cm. Find its area.

Two angles in a triangle are 80° and 60°. Find the third.

A right triangle has legs 9 cm and 12 cm. Find the hypotenuse.

A circle has radius 5 cm. Find circumference and area in terms of π.

Scale 1:300. What real length in metres does 2 cm represent?

A cuboid is 6 cm × 4 cm × 10 cm. Find its volume.

Points A(0,0) and B(9,6). Find AB.

Mocks 与进度检查

如何衡量本章进度，以及何时加入综合 mock。

Start with untimed practice by subtopic.

Move to a short timed checkpoint only after completing the mastery checklist.

Record each error with the correct method and revisit it after 48 hours.

下一步

完成本章后该做什么，以及它如何连接到下一单元。

Complete the practice without support.

Explain the core method aloud in under two minutes.

Continue to the next chapter or request targeted tutor support.

说明：每学年的正式考试范围请始终以学校、老师和当前官方来源为准。